Bulnesia sarmientoi is a tree that grows 6–20 metres tall. It is deciduous with ascendant branches forming a thin closed crown.
The bark is rough and ash grey in colour, with irregular cracks forming small plaques.
Leaves are small (1–2.5 x 0.8–1.5cm), opposite, paripinnate, with 2 ovate, asymmetric leaflets, sessile.
Flowers are 1–1.2cm, yellowish-white with five petals, generally in groups of two or three and appear in summer.
The fruit is a dry capsule, 3–7 x 3–5 cm in size, with 3 wings, green-greyish, with several seeds.